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Solo Female Travel in Japan

Solo female travel in Japan pairs low national rates of violent and street crime with a documented, persistent problem of groping and covert photography on crowded urban trains.12 Knowing when the women-only cars run, how to report harassment on the spot, and which stays offer women-only floors turns that second fact into something you can plan around.

Confirm current details with official sources

Fees, rules, and requirements can change. Confirm current details at the National Police Agency site and on each railway operator's own women-only car page. This article is general information, not medical or legal advice; for your specific situation, consult a licensed physician for medical care after an assault, and contact your own embassy or consulate for help with the legal process.

Overview​

Whether Japan is safe for solo female travelers has a two-part answer. National police figures show low levels of serious crime, while government survey data shows that groping and covert photography are common enough to plan around, and that they concentrate on packed commuter trains.12

The sections below cover what the official numbers show, where the risk actually sits, and the practical tools (women-only cars, reporting channels, women-only accommodation) that exist because of it.

What the safety statistics say, and what they leave out​

The National Police Agency (NPA), Japan's national police authority, counted 774,142 recognized Penal Code offenses in 2025, or 6.3 per 1,000 people (as of February 2026; confirm current figures with the National Police Agency).1 The total has risen for four straight years from a postwar low in 2021, but remains far below the 2002 peak of about 2.85 million.1

The same report counted 7,287 "heinous crimes" (凶悪犯, a category covering murder, robbery, arson, non-consensual intercourse, and similar offenses) nationwide in 2025 (as of February 2026).1 It also recorded 7,193 cases of non-consensual indecent assault and 9,962 offenses under the 2023 covert-photography law (as of February 2026).1

The NPA attributes part of the recent rise in recorded sexual offenses to the 2023 legal reforms and to efforts to make reporting easier, so higher counts partly reflect more reporting, not only more offending (as of February 2026).1

Police counts capture only what gets reported. A Cabinet Office survey fielded in February 2024 among 36,231 people aged 16 to 29 nationwide found that 10.5% had ever experienced 痴漢 (chikan, groping or other non-consensual indecent acts in public places or vehicles), including 13.6% of women and 3.6% of men (as of February 2024).2

The same survey found that 3.3% had experienced 盗撮 (tōsatsu, covert or voyeuristic photography), and that 80.4% of victims told neither the police nor staff of a railway, shop, or similar body about their most recent incident (as of February 2024).2 The report itself cautions that respondents were registered online monitors who chose to answer, so its results carry that limitation.2

The UK government's travel advice for Japan says female passengers on commuter trains have experienced inappropriate behavior, including touching and upskirt photography (as of October 2026).3

Where the real risks concentrate​

In the Cabinet Office survey, the most recent incident most often happened inside a train (62.8%), followed by on the street (13.0%); station stairs and escalators accounted for 2.7% and platforms for 2.5% (as of February 2024).2 The most common time band was 6:00–9:00 (34.5%), followed by 18:00–21:00 (18.2%) and 15:00–18:00 (17.3%) (as of February 2024).2

Late-night entertainment districts carry a different risk. The UK government's travel advice names Kabukichō, Roppongi, Shibuya, and Ikebukuro in Tokyo as areas with reports of drink spiking and credit-card fraud (as of October 2026).3

No official source breaks risk down by activity. The national crime figures and the survey's concentration on rush-hour trains both point the same way: ordinary daytime sightseeing is not where the documented problems cluster.12

Women-Only Train Cars​

A 女性専用車 (josei sen'yō-sha) or 女性専用車両 (josei sen'yō sharyō) is a train car set aside for women during specified hours; operators use both terms.45 Osaka Metro states that its women-only cars exist to prevent groping.5

There is no national schedule. Each railway operator decides which lines carry a women-only car, at what hours, in which car position, and who besides women may board.46785910

Where and when they run​

The table below shows hours as each operator publishes them, weekdays unless stated (as of October 2026; confirm current figures with each operator's own women-only car page). Several operators define the window by departure or arrival time at a specific station, so the hours at your own boarding station can differ from the listed window.467

OperatorLine(s)HoursCar positionAs of
JR EastSaikyō / Kawagoe Line, toward Ōsaki7:30–9:40Car 10 (front)2026-106
JR EastSaikyō / Kawagoe Line, toward Kawagoe23:00 to last trainCar 10 (rear)2026-106
JR EastChūō / Ōme Line, toward Tokyo7:30–9:30Car 1 (front)2026-106
JR EastJōban Local Line, toward Ayase7:10–9:30Car 1 (front)2026-106
JR EastSōbu Local Line, toward Mitaka7:22–9:20Car 10 (front)2026-106
JR EastKeihin-Tōhoku / Negishi Line: Ōmiya–Tokyo toward Ōfuna, and Ōfuna–Shinagawa toward Ōmiya7:30–9:30 (arrival at Tokyo or Shinagawa)Car 32026-106
Tokyo MetroHibiyaFrom 7:30 (Kita-Senju departure) to 9:00Marked by platform and window stickers2026-104
Tokyo MetroTōzaiFrom 6:57 (Nishi-Funabashi departure) to 9:00Marked by platform stickers2026-104
Tokyo MetroChiyodaFrom 7:10 to 9:30Marked by platform stickers2026-104
Tokyo MetroYūrakuchō, Hanzōmon, FukutoshinFirst train to 9:30Marked by platform stickers2026-104
ToeiShinjuku Line, toward ShinjukuTrains leaving Motoyawata 7:15–9:00Lead car (10-car trains)2026-107
ToeiŌedo Line, from HikarigaokaTrains leaving Hikarigaoka 7:00–8:30Car 4 of 82026-10711
ToeiŌedo Line, from Tochōmae toward Iidabashi/RyōgokuTrains leaving Tochōmae platform 2, 7:15–8:10Car 4 of 82026-10711
JR WestUrban network lines, including the Osaka Loop, Kyoto, Kobe, Takarazuka, Tōzai, Hanwa, Yamatoji, and Gakkentoshi linesEvery day, including Saturdays and holidays, first train to last trainVaries by line (Osaka Loop: 4th car from the front toward Nishikujō, 5th toward Kyōbashi)2026-108
Osaka MetroMidōsujiWeekdays, all day; one car per trainShown on the platform2026-105
Osaka MetroTanimachiWeekdays, first train to 9:00Shown on the platform2026-105
KeihanYodoyabashi to Demachiyanagi, weekday morning limited expresses (Liner excluded)Toward Demachiyanagi: Yodoyabashi departures 6:08–8:47; toward Yodoyabashi: Demachiyanagi departures 6:07–8:401st car from the Kyoto end2026-109
Sapporo City SubwayNamboku and Tōzai lines (not Tōhō)Weekdays, first train to 9:00Namboku: front car toward Makomanai, rear toward Asabu; Tōzai: car 42026-1010

Tokyo Metro's English page sums up its own service as running during the morning rush "from the first train of the day to around 9:30 a.m.", with times varying by line (as of October 2026).12 JR West is the main exception to the morning-rush pattern: its women-only cars run all day, every day, on its urban network (as of October 2026).8

Sapporo's version is called 女性と子どもの安心車両 (josei to kodomo no anshin sharyō, "women and children's safe car").10 Toei added the Ōedo Line, its second women-only line, from January 18, 2023.11

Who may ride them and how they are enforced​

Women-only car positions are marked on the platform with "Women Only" signs and stickers, so look down at the boarding point before the train arrives (as of October 2026).124 The table below gives each operator's own wording on who else may ride (as of October 2026).

OperatorBesides women, may also rideAs of
JR EastBoys of elementary-school age or younger; people with disabilities and their male carers2026-106
Tokyo MetroElementary-school students and younger children; physically or mentally challenged passengers and their caregivers2026-1012
ToeiPassengers of elementary-school age or younger; male passengers with disabilities and their caregivers2026-107
JR WestMale passengers in 6th grade of elementary school or younger; passengers with disabilities, including carers2026-108
Osaka MetroMale passengers such as children in 6th grade or younger, and passengers with disabilities and their carers, among others2026-105
KeihanPassengers with physical disabilities, including carers; children in 6th grade or younger (ask station staff for details)2026-109
Sapporo City SubwayBoys of elementary-school age or younger; passengers with disabilities and the men caring for them2026-1010

The operators that address the point describe women-only cars as a request for cooperation, not a legal ban on men. Osaka Metro states that its cars run on passengers' voluntary cooperation and carry no compulsory force (as of October 2026).5

Sapporo City Subway says that, because the arrangement is voluntary, men who board its safe car cannot be refused, and that crews seek cooperation through announcements rather than approaching passengers directly (as of October 2026).10 Because staff do not enforce it, you may occasionally find a man in a women-only car.

Crowded-train tactics beyond the women-only car​

The most effective tactic the data supports is timing. Young victims most often reported their latest incident in the 6:00–9:00 band, so shifting travel outside the morning peak where your plans allow cuts exposure to the most crowded trains (as of February 2024).2

Toei marks the location of the in-car emergency call devices with SOS stickers (as of October 2026).13 As general practice, note where the nearest one is when you board; the next section explains what that button does.

The following are general practices, not official recommendations: standing with your back to a wall or near the door rather than wedged mid-car, and noting the car number on boarding so you can report it later. Regular Shinkansen services have no women-only cars or seats; the details are under Good to know below.

If Something Happens: Reporting Harassment​

Groping and covert photography are crimes in Japan, and railway operators and police both run channels for reporting them. This section covers what to do on the train, after you get off, and later.

On the train or platform​

Japanese railway cars carry two separate passenger devices: one that lets you talk to or alert the crew, and one that stops the train.14 Three terms come up in this context:

TermReadingMeaning
非常通報装置hijō tsūhō sōchiEmergency notification device; lets passengers alert the crew14
非常停止装置hijō teishi sōchiEmergency stop device; lets passengers stop the vehicle14
駅員ekiinStation staff (Toei uses the related term 駅係員)13

On Toei subway cars, pressing the emergency call button connects you to the crew or the dispatcher, and Toei states explicitly that pressing it does not stop the train (as of October 2026; confirm current details with your railway operator).13 On JR East trains, pressing the SOS button lets you talk with the crew, who report to the control center (as of October 2026).15

The SOS call button is not an emergency stop

The button that summons help connects you to the crew; the emergency stop is a different device.1413 For harassment, use the call button and talk to the crew, then report to station staff once you get off.

Toei's guidance for anyone who sees groping is to press the in-car emergency call button to talk to the crew or dispatcher, show the possible victim the anti-groping screen of the Digi Police app, or simply ask "Are you okay?" (as of October 2026).13 After the train arrives, tell station staff or a patrolling police officer; station staff will call 110, the police emergency number.13

The UK government's travel advice relays police advice to shout at the perpetrator to attract attention and to ask a fellow passenger to call train or station staff (as of October 2026).3 Kanto railway operators' January 2026 exam-period measures included calls encouraging victims to speak to station staff immediately (as of January 2026).16

The sequence most of this guidance describes looks like this:

Freezing is the most common reaction, not a personal failure. In the Cabinet Office survey, 42.7% of young victims said they could not do anything because it was sudden and 32.5% froze from fear, while only 4.3% raised their voice (as of February 2024).2 Reporting to station staff after you get off is still a valid route.13

As general practice rather than an official recommendation, it helps a report if you can note the time, the line, the direction of travel, and the car number.

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), which regulates railways, lists the mandatory installation of in-car security cameras on high-ridership lines from October 2023 among its security measures.17 As reported by Jiji Press, the requirement covers newly built cars for all Shinkansen lines and for lines averaging 100,000 or more passengers per kilometer per day, mainly in the Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya areas; the cameras must record, but real-time sharing with control centers is not required.18

Toei's anti-groping page stated that its in-car camera installation was scheduled for completion by fiscal 2024 (as of October 2026).13

Off the train: koban and 110​

A 交番 (kōban, police box) is a small neighborhood police post where officers receive crime reports, handle lost property, and provide counseling.19 The NPA's "Police of Japan 2021" edition describes about 6,300 koban staffed by roughly 3–5 officers each, plus about 6,200 駐在所 (chūzaisho, residential police boxes usually staffed by one officer) (as of 2021).19

Use the nearest koban for a report that is not urgent. Call 110 for anything in progress or urgent; calls go to the prefectural police communications command center, which dispatches officers.19 For how a 110 call works and what language support to expect, see Emergency Numbers in Japan: 110 and 119, and the Language-Barrier Reality of Calling Them.

Apps and consultation lines​

Digi Police is the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department's free crime-prevention app for iOS and Android, delivering Tokyo crime information (as of October 2026).2021 Its anti-groping function lets a user ask for help by screen display or by voice, and a bystander can show the screen to a possible victim to check silently whether she needs help (as of August 2026).20

The Tokyo government describes the help screen as reading 「痴漢です　助けてください」 ("Groper, please help") (as of January 2026).22 The App Store listing gives Japanese as the only language, and no English support is documented (as of October 2026).2120

Digi Police is a Tokyo-only service. Other prefectural police forces run their own apps and campaigns.20

#8103, nicknamed ハートさん (hāto-san, "Heart-san," from 8-10-3), is a national common number that connects to the sexual-crime consultation line of the prefectural police covering the caller's location; it was introduced in August 2017.2324 The NPA dates 24-hour operation nationwide to April 2019 and free calls to July 2019, and its 2025 white paper still lists the line as 24 hours and free to call (as of 2025).2325

The number may not connect from dial-pulse lines or some IP phones, and the NPA publishes alternative numbers per prefecture (as of October 2026).24 The NPA pages describing #8103 mention no foreign-language support (as of October 2026).2423

Digi Police and #8103 have no documented English support

Neither the Digi Police app nor the #8103 consultation line documents English support.2124 If you do not speak Japanese, plan on station staff, a koban, 110, or your own embassy or consulate as your first contacts instead.

Which channel fits depends on urgency and on what kind of help you need. The one-stop support centers (#8891) and the Cure Time chat service are covered under Good to know.2627

In 2026, Kanto railway operators ran anti-groping campaigns with the police during the January 13–18 entrance-exam period and from June 1 to 15 (as of May 2026).221628 For a visitor, these mean extra announcements and posters in stations, not a change in what you can do.28

What Japanese law covers​

On June 16, 2023, the Diet enacted two laws that both took effect on July 13, 2023, apart from certain provisions.29 The first, 刑法及び刑事訴訟法の一部を改正する法律, partially amends the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure; the second, 性的な姿態を撮影する行為等の処罰及び押収物に記録された性的な姿態の影像に係る電磁的記録の消去等に関する法律, punishes covert photography of sexual body parts and related acts.29

TermReadingMeaning
不同意わいせつ罪fudōi waisetsu-zaiNon-consensual indecent assault (Penal Code Article 176)30
性的姿態撮影等処罰法seiteki shitai satsuei-tō shobatsu-hōShort name for the 2023 covert-photography law29
撮影罪satsuei-zaiInformal name for the photography offense under Article 2 of that law29

Penal Code Article 176 now covers an indecent act committed while the victim is in a state where forming, expressing, or acting on non-consent is difficult, caused by listed circumstances such as violence, threats, intoxication, fear, or abuse of position.3029 The penalty is imprisonment of 6 months to 10 years.30

Article 2 of the photography law punishes secretly photographing a person's sexual body parts or underwear without justification, with up to 3 years' imprisonment or a fine of up to ¥3,000,000.31 The Ministry of Justice explains that this conduct was previously only partly covered by prefectural nuisance-prevention ordinances or child-exploitation laws.29

The point for a visitor is simple: groping and upskirt photography are crimes under national law, and worth reporting. How the law applies to a specific incident is a question for the police and a lawyer, not for this article.

Accommodation for Solo Women​

Accommodation options aimed at women are set hotel by hotel, not by any national standard. What follows describes the types; the specific policies are each venue's own.

Women-only floors, capsules, and dorms​

JNTO, Japan's national tourism organization, described Tokyo capsule hotels that had become more accommodating to women, including hotels with female-only floors alongside all-gender floors, entirely women-only capsule hotels, and a women-only dormitory floor (as of December 2018; confirm current details with the hotel itself).32 Policies at individual hotels change, so check the hotel's own site for the current arrangement before booking.

For how capsule hotels work in general, see Capsule Hotels: What They Actually Are. For dorm-style stays, see Guesthouses and Hostels in Japan. When booking either, ask whether a women-only floor or dorm is available and whether it is the default or a separate room type.

Choosing a base and checking in​

Streets were the second most common location of the most recent groping incident in the Cabinet Office survey, at 13.0% (as of February 2024).2 The following are general practices rather than sourced rules: a base close to a station shortens any late walk back, and a staffed front desk gives you someone to ask for help, which a self check-in property may not.

Also as general practice, if staff announce your room number aloud at check-in, you can ask them to write it down instead. For neighborhood choice, see Choosing a Base Neighborhood in Tokyo; love hotels are a separate category, covered in Love Hotels for Travelers.

Bathing Alone at an Onsen​

Bathing alone at an onsen is straightforward for women. JNTO states that changing rooms are always gender-specific, as are the vast majority of onsen baths.33

TermReadingMeaning
暖簾norenFabric curtain marking a bath entrance (男 men, 女 women)34
貸切風呂kashikiri-buroPrivate bath reserved for exclusive use33
露天風呂rotenburoOpen-air bath33

Bath entrances are often marked by noren curtains, blue for men and red for women.34 Some accommodations swap the men's and women's baths, so the men's bath in the evening may be the women's the next morning; the swap times are set by each facility, so check the curtain every time you go in.34

For privacy, JNTO suggests a kashikiri-buro or a room with its own open-air bath.33 For bathing etiquette, see Onsen Etiquette for First-Timers; for tattoo rules, Tattoos and Onsen: The Real Current State of Access; and for weighing a shared bath against a private one, Communal vs. Private Onsen: Which to Book. Questions about transgender bathing access and ID at check-in are covered in LGBTQ+ Travelers in Japan.

Nightlife and Evenings Out​

The UK government's travel advice notes increased reports of drink spiking and credit-card fraud in Tokyo nightlife districts, with victims waking with no memory and large charges on their cards; it advises not accepting drinks from strangers, not leaving drinks unattended, and not following street touts into bars (as of October 2026; confirm current details with the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office).3 How those schemes work is covered in Nightlife Scams in Japan: Touts, Bar-Bill Fraud, and Drink Spiking, and district context in Shibuya, Shinjuku, and Harajuku: Tokyo's Youth-Culture and Nightlife Core.

As general practice, share your plans and location with someone you trust and work out your route home before the last train leaves, since last-train times vary by line and city. If you miss it, Taxis and Ride-Hailing Apps in Japan: What Is Actually Available covers the options.

Eating Alone​

Eating alone is ordinary in Japan. JNTO describes solo dining as long established, dating back decades to salarymen working late.35 The phrase おひとりさま (ohitorisama, "party of one") is the everyday term for doing things on your own.

JNTO notes that many restaurants accommodate solo diners with counter seats and single-seater booths, including ramen, sushi, and yakiniku places; the ramen chain ICHIRAN offers partitioned solo booths, and some yakiniku restaurants offer one-person grills at the counter (as of April 2021; confirm current details with the restaurant).35 Seating formats are each restaurant's choice, so these are examples, not a guarantee everywhere.

As general practice, convenience stores and department-store food halls are low-pressure alternatives when you want to eat without sitting down. For shops where you order at a machine before you sit, see Ticket-Machine (Shokken) Restaurants: How to Order Without Speaking Japanese. An izakaya visit on your own is also an option; drinking norms are covered in Drinking Culture and Nomihodai Etiquette.

Good to know​

"Rare" is not "never"​

In the Cabinet Office survey, 80.4% of young victims told neither police nor relevant staff about their most recent incident; the most common reasons for not going to the police were not wanting to make a fuss (41.1%) and thinking it was not worth reporting (39.6%) (as of February 2024; confirm current figures with the Cabinet Office Gender Equality Bureau).2 Low official numbers describe what is reported, not everything that happens.

The NPA links part of the recent rise in recognized sexual offenses to the 2023 reforms and to easier reporting (as of February 2026).1 For the wider picture of which crimes visitors actually meet, see Crime and Scams in Japan: What's Genuinely Rare and What Tourists Actually Encounter.

Hidden-camera and photography harassment​

The UK government's travel advice names upskirt photography, meaning photos or video taken from below as women walk or stand nearby, among the experiences reported by female commuter-train passengers (as of October 2026).3 In the Cabinet Office survey, station stairs and escalators were the location of 2.7% of young victims' most recent incidents (as of February 2024).2

Phones sold in Japan make a camera shutter sound that cannot be silenced. This is not required by national law or any prefectural ordinance; it is a voluntary arrangement among carriers and manufacturers, maintained to deter voyeuristic photography (as of June 2026).36

Silent-camera apps are widely available, which undermines the convention, so the shutter sound is not a reliable warning (as of June 2026).36 Covert sexual photography is a crime under the 2023 photography law regardless.31

No women-only seats on the Shinkansen​

Regular Shinkansen services have no women-only cars, seats, or reserved areas; a public request for women-only Shinkansen seating circulated on social media in 2026, and Unseen Japan's report includes no response from JR Central (as of August 2026).37

There has been one exception so far. On August 8, 2026, JR Central ran its first overnight Tōkaidō Shinkansen special, the Tōkaidō Lumiere Express, from Tokyo to Shin-Osaka with a women-only car; 461 passengers rode, about 40% of them women, and JR Central said it is considering additional runs (as of August 2026).38

Conventional limited expresses are a different matter. JR West's Kuroshio limited express has women-only seats in car 5, for women and accompanying boys of elementary-school age or younger (as of October 2026).39

Operators announce changes to hours and cars​

Operators add or change women-only cars by announcement; Toei, for example, announced in November 2022 that the Ōedo Line would gain women-only cars from January 18, 2023.11 Tokyo Metro notes that women-only operation may be suspended when service is disrupted (as of October 2026).4

The hours in this article are a planning guide. On the day, check the operator's page or the platform signage at your boarding point.

Rural areas and solo hiking​

Every line in this article's women-only car table is an urban line in the Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, or Sapporo area, and none of the operators sourced here lists a rural line (as of October 2026).46785910 Outside the big cities, plan without them.

The risk pattern also shifts. In the Cabinet Office survey, vehicles accounted for 73.2% of the most recent incidents in the three major metropolitan areas but 51.4% elsewhere, where streets and shops or facilities made up a larger share (as of February 2024).2

As general practice for rural trips and solo hikes, tell someone your route and expected return time, and check the last bus or train before setting out. Trail-specific planning is covered in Hiking in Japan: Trail Grades, Seasons, and Mountain Huts.

After a serious assault​

For anything urgent, call 110; see Emergency Numbers in Japan: 110 and 119, and the Language-Barrier Reality of Calling Them for how the call works.19 For care afterward, #8891 (はやくワンストップ, hayaku wan sutoppu, from 8-8-9-1) is a free national number that connects to the nearest prefectural one-stop support center for victims of sexual crime and sexual violence (as of October 2026).2640

These ワンストップ支援センター (wan sutoppu shien sentā, one-stop support centers) provide medical, legal, and psychological support after an assault.24 Hours are set by each center: many run weekday daytime and evening hours such as Monday to Friday 10:00–20:00, while some prefectures, including Tokyo, Kanagawa, Osaka, and Fukuoka, operate 24 hours (as of October 2026).26

The Gender Equality Bureau's consultation page mentions no foreign-language support for #8891 (as of October 2026).26 The Cabinet Office's anonymous Cure Time chat service runs daily from 17:00 to 21:00 and accepts consultations in foreign languages; its email consultation is Japanese-only (as of October 2026).2741

The police line #8103 is the parallel route to the police for consultation rather than emergency response.23 Beyond these services, contact your own country's embassy or consulate about next steps, and get medical care from a licensed physician.

See also​

References​

Footnotes​

  1. 警察庁長官官房 (National Police Agency). 「令和７年の犯罪情勢」 (令和8年2月). https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/crime/situation/r7_hanzaijyosei_kakuteichi.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  2. 内閣府 (Cabinet Office), 男女共同参画局. 「『若年層の痴漢被害等に関するオンライン調査』報告書＜概要＞」 (令和5年度内閣府委託調査; fielded 2024-02-06 to 2024-02-29). https://www.gender.go.jp/policy/no_violence/e-vaw/chousa/pdf/r060702_houkoku/02.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10 ↩11 ↩12 ↩13 ↩14

  3. UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (GOV.UK). "Japan travel advice: Safety and security." https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/japan/safety-and-security ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  4. 東京地下鉄 (Tokyo Metro). 「女性専用車」. https://www.tokyometro.jp/safety/attention/women/index.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10

  5. 大阪市高速電気軌道 (Osaka Metro), Osaka Metro NiNE. 「マナー」 (Ensuring a Comfortable Ride for All). https://metronine.osaka/manner/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  6. 東日本旅客鉄道 (JR East). 「女性専用車」. https://www.jreast.co.jp/woman ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9 ↩10

  7. 東京都交通局 (Bureau of Transportation, Tokyo Metropolitan Government; Toei). 「女性専用車」. https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/initiatives/safety/relief/women/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  8. 西日本旅客鉄道 (JR West), JRおでかけネット. 「女性専用車」. https://www.jr-odekake.net/railroad/service/train-woman.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  9. 京阪電気鉄道 (Keihan Electric Railway). 「女性専用車両」. https://www.keihan.co.jp/traffic/safety/womenonly.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  10. 札幌市交通局 (Sapporo City Transportation Bureau). 「女性と子どもの安心車両」 (updated 2025-09-04). https://www.city.sapporo.jp/st/subway/anshin_syaro/anshin_syaryo.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  11. 東京都交通局 (Toei). 「都営大江戸線における女性専用車の導入について」 (2022-11-25). https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/pickup_information/news/subway/2022/sub_p_2022112510686_h.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  12. Tokyo Metro. "Considerations" (riding manners; women-only cars). https://www.tokyometro.jp/en/tips/considerations/index.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  13. 東京都交通局 (Toei). 「痴漢対策」 (anti-groping measures page). https://www.kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp/initiatives/safety/relief/pervert_measures/index.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  14. e-Gov法令検索. 「鉄道に関する技術上の基準を定める省令」 (平成13年国土交通省令第151号), 第81条. https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/413M60000800151 (verifiable text locator: https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/api/2/law_data/413M60000800151?elm=MainProvision-Article_81&response_format=xml) ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  15. 東日本旅客鉄道 (JR East). 「非常時のご案内」 (emergency operation guide). https://www.jreast.co.jp/saferelief/operationguide/emergency.html ↩

  16. 東京地下鉄 (Tokyo Metro). News release on exam-period anti-groping measures (2026-01-08). https://www.tokyometro.jp/news/2026/222576.html ↩ ↩2

  17. 国土交通省 (MLIT). 「危機管理：国土交通省の主なテロ対策（令和８年７月時点）」. https://www.mlit.go.jp/kikikanri/seisakutokatsu_terro_tk_000001.html ↩

  18. Jiji Press via Arab News Japan. "Security cameras become mandatory for new trains in Japan" (2023-10-16). https://www.arabnews.jp/en/japan/security-cameras-become-mandatory-for-new-trains-in-japan-106035 ↩

  19. National Police Agency. "Police of Japan 2021: Community Safety, 1. Community Policing" (pp. 13–15). https://www.npa.go.jp/english/Police_of_Japan/police-of-japan2021/003/003/003-1.pdf ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  20. 警視庁 (Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department). 「防犯アプリ『Digi Police』」 (updated 2026-08-20). https://www.keishicho.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/kurashi/tokushu/furikome/digipolice.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  21. Apple App Store (Japan). "Digi Police" listing (provider: 警視庁). https://apps.apple.com/jp/app/digi-police/id1079669000 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  22. 東京都 (Tokyo Metropolitan Government). 「入学試験期間における痴漢対策の実施について」 (2026-01-08). https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/information/press/2026/01/2026010806 ↩ ↩2

  23. 警察庁 (NPA). 「令和2年版犯罪被害者白書」 トピックス「性犯罪被害相談電話に係る全国共通番号『♯8103（ハートさん）』」. https://www.npa.go.jp/hanzaihigai/whitepaper/w-2020/html/zenbun/part4/s4_1t10.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  24. 警察庁 (NPA), 犯罪被害者等施策ホームページ. 「性的な被害」 (consultation channels). https://www.npa.go.jp/hanzaihigai/portal/search/kensaku/seihigai/index.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  25. 警察庁 (NPA). 「令和7年版犯罪被害者白書」 資料9「政府・地方公共団体が関与する犯罪被害者等に関する相談先一覧」 (2025). https://www.npa.go.jp/hanzaihigai/whitepaper/2025/zenbun/siryo/siryo-9.html ↩

  26. 内閣府男女共同参画局 (Gender Equality Bureau, Cabinet Office). 「性犯罪・性暴力被害者のためのワンストップ支援センター」 (consultation page). https://www.gender.go.jp/policy/no_violence/seibouryoku/consult.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  27. 内閣府 (Cabinet Office). 「Cure time（キュアタイム）」 SNS consultation site. https://curetime.jp/ ↩ ↩2

  28. 東京地下鉄 (Tokyo Metro). 「痴漢撲滅キャンペーン」 news release (2026-05-21). https://www.tokyometro.jp/news/2026/224326.html ↩ ↩2

  29. 法務省 (Ministry of Justice). 「性犯罪関係の法改正等 Ｑ＆Ａ」. https://www.moj.go.jp/keiji1/keiji12_00200.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  30. e-Gov法令検索. 「刑法」 (明治40年法律第45号), 第176条. https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/140AC0000000045 (verifiable text locator: https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/api/2/law_data/140AC0000000045?elm=MainProvision-Article_176&response_format=xml) ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  31. e-Gov法令検索. 「性的な姿態を撮影する行為等の処罰及び押収物に記録された性的な姿態の影像に係る電磁的記録の消去等に関する法律」 (令和5年法律第67号), 第2条. https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/505AC0000000067 (verifiable text locator: https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/api/2/law_data/505AC0000000067?elm=MainProvision-Article_2&response_format=xml) ↩ ↩2

  32. JNTO. "5 Female-Friendly Tokyo Capsule Hotels" (2018-12-07). https://www.japan.travel/en/uk/inspiration/5-female-friendly-tokyo-capsule-hotels/ ↩

  33. JNTO. "How to Best Enjoy Japan's Onsen" (onsen bathing guide). https://www.japan.travel/en/guide/bathing-manners-and-tips-onsen-bathing-guide/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  34. Tanabe City Kumano Tourism Bureau (田辺市熊野ツーリズムビューロー). Onsen etiquette guide. https://www.tb-kumano.jp/en/?p=367 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  35. JNTO. "The Japanese custom of solo dining: A quiet way to savour your meal" (2021-04-22). https://www.japan.travel/en/sg/story/japanese-custom-solo-dining-quiet-way-savour-your-meal/ ↩ ↩2

  36. ITmedia Mobile (金子麟太郎). 「あの『カシャッ!』は意味なし? スマホの『シャッター音』実態に即さず、ネットに見直しを求める声」 (2026-06-15). https://www.itmedia.co.jp/mobile/articles/2606/15/news096.html ↩ ↩2

  37. Unseen Japan (Kristina Rin Fujikake). "Women-only Shinkansen seats" (2026-08-05). https://unseen-japan.com/women-only-shinkansen-seats/ ↩

  38. Kyodo News via 熊本日日新聞 (Kumamoto Nichinichi Shimbun). 「JR東海『夜行』新幹線が初運行 東京―新大阪、4割女性」 (2026-08-09). https://kumanichi.com/articles/2023695 ↩

  39. 西日本旅客鉄道 (JR West), JRおでかけネット. 「特急くろしお」 (train guide; women-only seats). https://www.jr-odekake.net/railroad/train/kuroshio/ ↩

  40. 内閣府男女共同参画局. 「男女共同参画白書 令和8年版」 第5分野第2節「性犯罪・性暴力への対策の推進」. https://www.gender.go.jp/about_danjo/whitepaper/r08/zentai/html/honpen/b2_s05_02.html ↩

  41. 兵庫県 (Hyogo Prefecture). 「性暴力に関するSNS相談『Cure time（キュアタイム）』（内閣府）」 (updated 2025-04-09). https://web.pref.hyogo.lg.jp/kk14/curetime.html ↩