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Fraud and Scams Targeting Residents
Fraud targeting residents (tokushu sagi and its online variants) kept climbing in 2025: special fraud losses reached about 142.3 billion yen and SNS investment and romance fraud about 183.4 billion yen, together roughly 325.7 billion yen in confirmed National Police Agency figures (as of 2026-05; confirm current figures with the National Police Agency).1 The defense is procedural: verify before you act, through channels you choose yourself.
Procedures, fees, and requirements can change. Confirm current details at the National Police Agency SOS47 anti-fraud pages and the National Consumer Affairs Center.
Overview
Scammers impersonate family, banks, tax offices, delivery firms, celebrities, romantic partners, and immigration officers. The impersonated authority changes; the demand never does: send money, credentials, or codes now, through the channel the caller chose.23
Foreign residents face the full domestic set plus visa and immigration scams built on unfamiliarity with real procedures. Every defense below works without fluent Japanese, because verification runs through official numbers and in-person counters, not through arguing with the caller.
The Documented Targeting Categories
Five patterns cover nearly all resident exposure. Learn the shape of each and the lure loses its force.
Oreore and impersonation calls
Oreore (oreore sagi, "it's-me scam (family-impersonation calls)") callers pose as a family member in trouble; bank and tax-office imposters request My Number or bank verification by phone or text.2 Oreore cases rose 114.6 percent in 2025 to 14,489, with losses of about 113.8 billion yen (as of 2026-05; confirm current figures with the National Police Agency).1 Fake-police fraud (nise keisatsu sagi, "callers posing as police demanding money under an investigation pretext") was the main driver of the 2025 rise in special fraud (as of 2026-05).1
International numbers used in special fraud, recognizable by the plus-prefixed display, rose to 92,996 in 2025, up 95.4 percent and 75.5 percent of all numbers used (as of 2026-05).4 Treat any plus-prefixed call demanding action as hostile until proven otherwise.
SNS investment and romance fraud
SNS investment fraud moves contact from ads or direct messages into LINE groups, builds trust with fake profit screens, then extracts repeated transfers as investment money or withdrawal fees; single-case losses reach tens of millions of yen.2 In 2025 the National Police Agency recorded 9,523 SNS investment cases with losses of about 128.8 billion yen, up 47.9 percent on 2024 (as of 2026-05).1
Romance fraud starts without ever meeting in person, builds affection, then pivots to investment or expense demands.3 In 2024, investment was the pretext in 73.1 percent of romance cases and 85.8 percent of romance losses (as of 2025-05).5
SNS romance fraud reached 5,645 cases and about 54.6 billion yen in losses in 2025 (as of 2026-05).1 Across SNS investment and romance fraud combined, the average loss per completed case was about 12.1 million yen (as of 2026-05).1
| Scheme | 2025 losses (confirmed) | Change on 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Special fraud (phone and impersonation) | About 142.3 billion yen | Up 98.0 percent; oreore cases up 114.6 percent |
| SNS investment fraud | About 128.8 billion yen | Up 47.9 percent |
| SNS romance fraud | About 54.6 billion yen | Up 36.3 percent |
Loss figures above are confirmed National Police Agency totals for 2025 (as of 2026-05).1 From 2026 data the agency counts SNS investment and romance fraud as a type of special fraud, so 2026 figures are not comparable with this series (as of 2026-08).6
Delivery smishing and billing phishing
Missed-delivery texts with malicious links and fake billing messages are standard lures. Verify inside the delivery or service app directly, never through the message link, and treat unexpected invoices as guilty until the official account proves otherwise.2
Celebrity-impersonation investment ads deserve special suspicion: consumer-center consultations on that pattern ran about 9.6 times fiscal 2022 levels, averaging around 6.44 million yen per consultation (as of 2024-04; confirm current figures with the National Consumer Affairs Center).7
Visa and immigration scams aimed at foreigners
Scammers target foreign residents with claims of fee-required visa or immigration procedures that do not exist. Real immigration and tax procedures never begin with phone demands for My Number, bank details, or wire transfers; verify any such claim at the bureau counter or official site before paying anything.27
Realistic Defenses
Three rules block nearly every scheme above. They require no special tools and no Japanese ability beyond reading an official number.
Information you never give by phone or text
Never give My Number details, bank credentials, or authentication codes by phone or text, whoever the caller claims to be.27 No legitimate procedure collects these through an incoming call.
How real agencies actually contact you
Ward offices send letters for procedural questions rather than calling; the tax office and Immigration do not call demanding credentials or transfers. Confirm any contact in writing or by calling back on the agency's published number, never the number the caller provides.27
Guaranteed-profit promises, transfer accounts in an individual's name, and accounts that change with every transfer each independently signal fraud. Any single one means no further transfers and immediate consultation with police.2
Before wiring investment money, check the counterpart: the celebrity's identity against official accounts, and the product's registration against the Financial Services Agency registrant lists.7 Suspicious investment talk arriving by direct message, especially with a push toward LINE, deserves immediate suspicion.2
The pause-and-verify routine
The routine works because it moves verification onto channels you choose. Scammers control the incoming call; they cannot control the agency's published number or counter.28
Reporting: Police and 188 Paths
Report through both channels where both fit: police own the criminal side, consumer centers own the consultation and recovery-advice side.
The police path (koban, station, #9110)
Consult police on #9110 for non-emergency fraud matters; visit the koban or area station to file as a victim.28 Anonymous fraud-intelligence reporting runs on 0120-344-999.2
The consumer path (188)
The consumer hotline (ichi-hachi-hachi, "consumer hotline 188") connects to the nearest consumer-affairs center for consultation and recovery advice.78 The Consumer Affairs Hotline (188) explains the full mechanics; this section stays a routing pointer. Once money is wired, recovery is difficult, so early consultation beats late shame.7
Good to know
International-number calls deserve instant suspicion
International numbers used in special fraud nearly doubled in 2025 and made up 75.5 percent of all numbers used (as of 2026-05; confirm current figures with the National Police Agency).4 The plus-prefixed display is visible before you answer. Let unknown international numbers go to voicemail; legitimate callers leave a verifiable callback.
Recovery after wiring money is difficult
Wired funds rarely return in full, and completeness of evidence matters less than speed of consultation.7 Report immediately even when embarrassment argues for delay; the paper trail also protects against the secondary scam below.
Secondary recovery scams target victims twice
Paid-recovery offers arriving after a loss are a known second pass at the same victim. Route every such offer through the consumer center instead of engaging.7
See also
- The Consumer Affairs Hotline (188)
- Online-Purchase Disputes
- Filing a Police Report in Japan
- The Koban (Police Box) as Universal Interface
- Japan's Crime Picture for Residents