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Working While on a Student Visa

Working while on a student visa in Japan is legal only after you obtain a separate permission from immigration, a step many new arrivals overlook until their first paycheck raises questions they cannot answer. Misreading the hour limits, or working at the wrong kind of business, can put your entire residence status at risk.12

Confirm current details with official sources

Procedures, fees, and requirements can change. Confirm current details at the Immigration Services Agency (ISA) website. This article is general information, not legal, tax, or immigration advice; for your specific situation, consult a licensed gyōseishoshi (immigration-law specialist) or an immigration lawyer, particularly if you are unsure whether a job counts as prohibited work or if you have already exceeded the hour cap and want to understand your exposure to status revocation.

Overview

Student (留学) status of residence lets you attend an accredited school in Japan. It does not, by itself, let you take a paid job.

Why student status doesn't include work authorization

Student status authorizes attending an educational institution. It does not authorize any paid activity of its own accord.12

A student who wants to work part-time must separately apply for and receive permission under Article 19 of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act. Working without this permission, or working beyond what it allows, is treated as unauthorized employment (不法就労, fuhō shūrō) under the Act, with consequences described later in this article.12

The Permission to Engage in Activity Other Than Permitted (shikakugai katsudō kyoka)

The 資格外活動許可 (shikakugai katsudō kyoka, "permission to engage in activity other than that permitted by status of residence") is the legal mechanism that authorizes part-time work for a Student-status holder. Two versions of it exist, and a handful of related terms come up often enough to define together.

TermReadingMeaning
資格外活動許可shikakugai katsudō kyokaPermission to engage in activity other than that permitted by status of residence; the legal basis for student part-time work
包括許可hōkatsu kyoka"Blanket permission": the standard permission for ordinary part-time work within the 28-hour weekly cap, granted on the application form alone
個別許可kobetsu kyoka"Individual permission": required for work outside the blanket permission's scope, such as a paid internship over 28 hours/week or self-employment

Before granting the permission, ISA checks that the proposed activity will not interfere with the student's schoolwork, that the student is currently engaged in status-appropriate activities, that the activity is not in a legally prohibited category, and that the student's conduct is otherwise good.32

Blanket permission covers ordinary part-time work within the 28-hour weekly cap (8 hours/day during long vacation) and needs only the application form. Individual permission is needed for arrangements outside that scope, such as an internship exceeding 28 hours/week, and requires the application form plus documents describing the specific activity, employer, and location.12

The permission can often be applied for, and granted, at the port of entry (airport) at the same time as landing procedures for a new entrant on Student status. When approved this way, the grant is noted on the residence card and work can begin immediately after entry. This specific timing option is documented in professional gyōseishoshi guidance rather than in the ISA overview pages checked for this article, so treat it as well corroborated by practitioner experience but not independently confirmed on an ISA procedural page.4

If the permission is not obtained at the airport, it can be applied for later at the regional immigration bureau covering the applicant's residence. Standard processing takes about 2 weeks to 2 months, and there is no application fee (as of 2026; confirm current figures with the Immigration Services Agency).5

Ask about airport issuance before you fly

If your school can coordinate with you before arrival, applying for the permission at the airport lets you start working in your first week in Japan instead of waiting weeks for a regional-bureau decision.45

The diagram below traces the two timing paths (airport versus regional bureau) and the two permission types (blanket versus individual) together.

The permission's validity is tied to the underlying period of stay. When a student renews their status of residence, they must separately re-apply for the permission, though this can be done at the same time as the residence-renewal application.4

The 28-Hour Cap During School Terms

Under blanket permission, work is capped at 28 hours per week during regular school terms.126

The "week" is not necessarily a fixed calendar week running Sunday to Saturday. In gyōseishoshi practice guidance, it is calculated as any rolling 7-consecutive-day period, so a student must stay under 28 hours no matter which day is used as the start of the count. ISA's own plain-language pages state the 28-hour figure without spelling out this rolling-week mechanic explicitly, so this specific calculation detail rests on professional secondary sources.7

The 28-hour week is a rolling count, not a fixed Monday-to-Sunday week

Counting only from a fixed weekly start date can hide a violation. If your hours run high across two adjacent weeks, check any 7-day window, not just the calendar week, before assuming you are under the cap.7

No ISA source located for this article describes a real-time hours-tracking portal or automated system for students or employers. Compliance instead relies on the student, and to a lesser extent the employer, keeping their own hours under the cap, with ISA verification happening at discrete checkpoints such as status renewal, status change, or a specific investigation, not continuously (as of 2026).8

What counts toward the 28-hour limit

All paid work at all employers combined counts toward the single 28-hour weekly total. There is no separate allowance per employer.16

A paid internship counts toward the cap if it runs at 28 hours/week or under, using blanket permission. An internship exceeding 28 hours/week in a single week requires individual permission for activity outside the standard cap.12

What does NOT count toward the limit

Not every hour spent doing something school-adjacent counts against the cap.

Unpaid, uncompensated volunteer activity does not require the permission at all and does not count toward the 28-hour limit, because the permission requirement attaches only to compensated activity, the same rule that makes any paid work require the permission in the first place. An internship that is genuinely unpaid, as an uncompensated part of coursework, follows the same logic; the moment it becomes paid, it falls under the ordinary 28-hour blanket permission, or individual permission if it runs over that.

At Kyoto University, students serving as teaching assistants, research assistants, or tutors at their own enrolled institution do not need the permission at all for that role. This is documented for a university context specifically; whether an equivalent exemption applies identically at a language school has not been independently confirmed, so treat it as a university-specific data point rather than a rule for all campus roles.9

Tracking hours across multiple employers

The 28-hour limit is a single combined total across every employer a student works for. Working 15 hours at one job and 15 at a second already exceeds the cap, even though neither job alone would.16

A documented case shows a student who worked a single job, a newspaper-delivery role tied to a scholarship arrangement, that alone exceeded the 28-hour cap. ISA's evaluation turned on factors including whether the excess was substantial, whether it looked deliberate, the student's attendance and academic record, and whether the student had already corrected the pattern before it surfaced, not simply on the raw fact of exceeding the cap.10

The 8-Hour-Per-Day Cap During Long Vacations

When vacation periods apply

The expanded hours apply only during a long vacation period officially designated in the school's own academic regulations, typically summer, winter, and spring breaks. A single canceled class, a national holiday, or a personal absence does not qualify.27

To use this exception, a student must generally be able to produce a school-issued document certifying the officially designated vacation period if asked (as of 2026).76

The 8-hour-per-day rule vs. the 40-hour-per-week rule

ISA's own page states the vacation-period rule as 8 hours per day or less, without spelling out an accompanying weekly total in the specific text located for this article.1 Multiple independent gyōseishoshi sources describe the rule more precisely as a combined cap: up to 8 hours per day, and up to 40 hours across any rolling 7-day period, during the officially designated vacation window (as of 2026).76

Vacation hours combine a daily cap and a weekly ceiling

Eight hours a day for seven days would add up to 56 hours a week, well above the cap. The 40-hour weekly envelope is what actually limits vacation-period work once more than five working days fall in a rolling week, so a student cannot legally work 8 hours every single day of a long break.76

This 40-hour figure is a mathematical inference drawn from the sourced 8-hour/40-hour combination rather than a distinct quoted ISA figure, since the ISA-primary text does not spell out the 40-hour number explicitly. Treat the qualitative point (a weekly ceiling applies alongside the daily one) as reliable, and the specific arithmetic as a reasonable reading of the combined sources.

The Prohibited Industries

The legal basis for the prohibition is Immigration Control Act Enforcement Regulation Article 19, which excludes from the standard work permission any work at, or in connection with, an establishment operating as 風俗営業 (fūzoku eigyō, an entertainment business under the Entertainment Business Control Act), a store-based adult-service business, a specified entertainment-and-dining business, or related categories.211

The prohibition attaches to the establishment or business category, not to the specific job duty. A student cannot legally do even non-customer-facing work, such as dishwashing or cleaning, at a venue in one of these categories, because the exclusion is defined by where the work happens, not what task is performed there.11

A narrow exception exists for corporations that operate an entertainment-business venue as one part of a larger business. Work for such a corporation can be permitted if it takes place at a non-entertainment-business office of that corporation and does not involve the entertainment-business operations directly.11

Gambling establishments

Pachinko parlors and mahjong parlors are not a separate, additional prohibition. They fall within the same statutory fūzoku eigyō category defined at Entertainment Business Control Act Article 2, Paragraph 1, Item 4, covering facilities where customers engage in games that may stimulate a gambling-like urge, and are therefore covered by the same Article-19 exclusion described above.12

As with adult-entertainment venues, the exclusion covers any work at a pachinko or mahjong establishment, not only work directly involving the gaming activity itself.11

Any job at a prohibited-industry venue carries visa risk

The exclusion applies to the venue, not the task. Taking a cleaning or kitchen job at a pachinko parlor or an entertainment-business venue is still prohibited work under Article 19, even though the job itself looks unrelated to gambling or adult entertainment.11

Why ISA enforces this

No source located for this article gives an ISA-stated policy rationale distinct from the general Article-19 statutory exclusion. The exclusion is a fixed feature of the enforcement regulation rather than something ISA separately justifies case by case.211

How violations are detected

Schools must report to ISA, on a monthly basis, any student whose attendance falls below 50% in that month. That report must also include the name of the organization where the flagged student holds part-time work authorization, if any, though the report format located for this article does not require reporting the number of hours worked, only whether authorization exists and who the employer is.13

Schools separately submit full attendance data for all enrolled students twice yearly, covering April 1 to September 30 and October 1 to March 31, each within three months of the period's end.13

As reported 2026-04-11, ISA announced plans to require Japanese-language schools to conduct quarterly interviews with each enrolled student specifically to check their part-time work situation, provide guidance if a violation is suspected, and report to ISA if the student does not correct the issue after that guidance; the news source states ISA would notify schools of the change but does not give a specific implementation date, so treat this as an announced requirement whose rollout timing is unconfirmed.14

Typical Student Jobs and Realistic Earnings

All wage figures below are job-aggregator or job-board averages for part-time positions, not government-set rates, and they move with the labor market. Check current listings before relying on any of them for budgeting (as of 2026; confirm current figures with the relevant job board or aggregator).

Statutory minimum wage floor (prefectural, 2025 effective dates)

PrefectureMinimum wageEffectiveSource
Tokyo¥1,226/hr2025-10-0315
Osaka¥1,177/hr2025-10-1615
Hokkaido¥1,075/hr2025-10-0415
Fukuoka¥1,057/hr2025-11-1615

These are statutory floors set by prefectural minimum-wage councils under the Minimum Wage Act and are revised annually (as of 2026-07-29).15

Typical hourly wages by job type (aggregator averages)

Job typeNational avg. hourly wageRegional noteAs ofSource
Convenience store (konbini)¥1,273/hrRegister, restocking, cleaning2026-07-2116
Restaurant kitchen¥1,174/hrTokyo ~¥1,541/hr, Osaka ~¥1,438/hr for broader food-service roles2026-05 to 2026-06 (Tokyo/Osaka figure: 2026-01-26)17
Factory / warehouse (light work)¥1,397/hrSorting, packing, assembly2026-07-2118
Eikaiwa (English conversation) instructor¥1,341/hrTokyo specifically ~¥2,031/hr2026-07-21 (Tokyo figure: 2026-01)1920

Konbini work is entry-level: register operation, restocking, and cleaning. Minimal Japanese is commonly cited as sufficient for basic tasks, though register work requires functional conversational Japanese.

Restaurant kitchen and food-service roles generally do not require customer-facing Japanese, and schedules tend to be flexible around class times.

Eikaiwa teaching roles draw mainly on native or near-native English fluency rather than a specific Japanese proficiency level. No source located for this article names a specific JLPT-level requirement industry-wide, so treat any such requirement as employer-specific.

Factory and warehouse work is frequently marketed toward foreign students because tasks such as sorting, packing, and assembly are often simple and repetitive with limited need for spoken Japanese; job boards commonly tag these listings as welcoming international students.18

Convenience store (konbini) work

See the wage table above for typical pay. Konbini work is one of the most widely available entry-level options for students still building conversational Japanese.

Restaurant kitchen and food service

See the wage table above for typical pay. Kitchen-side roles offer more schedule flexibility than front-of-house roles, since they do not require managing Japanese-speaking customers directly.

Eikaiwa English teaching

See the wage table above for typical pay. Eikaiwa pay runs meaningfully higher than most other student job categories, particularly in Tokyo, but availability depends more on English fluency and teaching aptitude than on Japanese proficiency.

Factory and warehouse work

See the wage table above for typical pay. This category often appeals to students aiming toward Specified Skilled Worker status after finishing language school, since the work itself overlaps with common SSW job sectors.

Campus roles and university tutoring

No wage-aggregator data specific to language-school campus roles was located for this article. A commonly cited range of roughly ¥1,000–1,500/hour for student-assistant, tutoring, or teaching-assistant roles is a reasonable estimate consistent with entry-level campus-support pay generally, not a figure independently verified against a dedicated wage source for this narrow category.

Realistic monthly income and budget implications

Using the 28-hour/week legal cap and roughly 4.33 weeks per month, gross monthly earnings work out to the following at each job type's national average wage (as of 2026-07).

Illustrative monthly earnings at the 28-hour/week cap

Job typeHourly wage (national avg.)Hours/month (28 x 4.33)Approx. gross monthly earnings
Konbini¥1,273~121 hrs~¥154,000
Restaurant kitchen¥1,174~121 hrs~¥142,000
Factory/warehouse¥1,397~121 hrs~¥169,000
Eikaiwa (national avg.)¥1,341~121 hrs~¥162,000
Eikaiwa (Tokyo)¥2,031~121 hrs~¥246,000

Set those earnings against typical costs. JASSO's FY2023 survey of privately funded foreign students puts average total monthly living expenses, excluding tuition, at approximately ¥105,000/month nationwide, with housing alone averaging ¥57,000/month in Tokyo versus ¥41,000/month nationwide (as of the FY2023 survey, as published on the current cost-of-living page).21

Cost of living and tuition, for comparison

Cost itemApprox. amountAs ofSource
Average monthly living cost (national, excl. tuition)~¥105,000/monthFY2023 survey21
Average monthly housing cost, Tokyo~¥57,000/monthFY2023 survey21
Average monthly housing cost, national~¥41,000/monthFY2023 survey21
Accredited language-school first-year tuition¥600,000–900,0002026222324
Total first-year cost (tuition + fees)¥830,000–1,050,0002026222324
Same total, spread monthly~¥69,000–87,500/month2026222324

A student working the legal maximum hours at a typical job, konbini, kitchen, or factory work, earns roughly ¥142,000–169,000/month before tax. That is generally enough to cover JASSO's ¥105,000/month national living-cost average with some margin.

Covering tuition on top of living costs from the same part-time income leaves little to no margin, and covering both living costs and tuition from part-time work alone within the legal hour cap is not realistic at national-average wages. Only the higher end of the wage range, Tokyo eikaiwa work at roughly ¥246,000/month, comes close to covering both simultaneously, and that figure sits well above what most students in lower-paid roles can expect. All figures here are gross, before income tax and social-insurance deductions, which reduce the effective margin further.161819172021222324

Hours Tracking and Employer Responsibilities

ISA's access to tax records and cross-checking

A formal information-coordination framework between ISA and the National Tax Agency (NTA) exists, covering status-of-residence management and tax compliance together. The NTA's own confirmation document states an effective date of 2025-01-01, while a separate news report describes operational information-sharing beginning 2026-07-01; this article could not resolve whether the two dates describe the framework's legal effective date versus its practical rollout, or some other distinction, so both are reported here rather than picked between.2526

Neither source specifically describes this framework as targeting student-visa work-hour verification. Both describe it in general terms as covering foreign residents' status and tax-compliance information broadly, not as an hours-specific or student-specific cross-check mechanism (as of 2026).2526

Separately from this formal framework, a gyōseishoshi source describes ISA, during a specific case review such as a status-renewal or status-change application, requesting or reviewing documents like tax certificates, timecards, and pay slips to verify actual work conditions and income. This is an investigator-driven, application-triggered document review, not a routine, automated, continuous cross-check of every student's hours against tax filings (as of 2026).8

The commonly repeated claim that ISA has direct access to tax records and automatically cross-checks student work hours is not fully confirmed by the sources located for this article. What is confirmed: a general ISA-NTA information-coordination framework now exists, and ISA caseworkers can and do request tax and pay documentation during specific application reviews. What is not confirmed: a routine, automated, hours-specific cross-check applied to all student-visa holders as a matter of course.

School attendance reports and hour monitoring

As covered above, schools file a monthly report on any student whose attendance drops below 50%, plus a full twice-yearly attendance submission for all students. As reported 2026-04-11, ISA announced that schools would also be required to run quarterly interviews with every student specifically about their part-time work situation, a materially more proactive monitoring layer than the older attendance-based trigger alone; the source does not confirm a specific date this took effect.1413

Employer liability

Employers who knowingly employ a student without proper authorization can also face liability under the Immigration Control Act, independent of any consequence to the student.12 Because immigration authorities can examine both sides of an employment relationship during a case review, a student should not assume that an employer's scheduling or reporting practice would shield them from a violation traced back to their own hours.8

Consequences of Violations

Exceeding the 28-hour cap

ISA's FY2025 (Reiwa 7) status-revocation statistics show 1,446 total status-of-residence revocations nationwide, a 22.1% increase over FY2024's 1,184 and the highest figure on record. Student status accounted for 343 of those cases, 23.7% of the total, behind Technical Intern Trainee status at 973 cases, or 67.3% (as of FY2025/Reiwa 7; confirm current figures with the Immigration Services Agency).27

Of the legal grounds cited in that release, failure to continuously engage in status-appropriate activities for three or more consecutive months without reasonable grounds, meaning not attending school, accounted for 999 cases, 69.1% of the total. Not engaging in status activities while doing something else instead accounted for another 350 cases, 24.2% (as of FY2025/Reiwa 7).2728

This breakdown means the great majority of documented Student-status revocations are tied to grounds built around not attending school, combined with doing something else instead, not to a standalone ground of exceeding 28 hours per week while otherwise in good academic standing. No source located for this article isolates a revocation count specifically for an hour-cap violation with attendance and academic standing intact.

A documented case shows the other side of this picture. A student who exceeded the 28-hour cap through a single job, not by juggling multiple employers, disclosed this during a status-change application. The application was approved rather than denied, based on factors including that the overage was not extreme, the student maintained strong attendance and JLPT N1 certification, the student had voluntarily reduced hours and resigned from the job before the issue surfaced, and the employer documented the work's legitimate business necessity.10

That case illustrates that ISA's actual practice, at least in this instance, evaluates hour-cap violations contextually rather than applying an automatic denial or revocation. A separate professional source describes the realistic consequence range for an hours violation as running from a disadvantage at the next status-renewal or status-change review, the most commonly documented outcome, up to criminal penalties in serious cases, and notes that a short, corrected, one-time violation is treated more leniently in practice than a sustained pattern (as of 2026).8

Working at prohibited industries

No documented case or ISA statement specifically confirming that prohibited-industry work is an automatic, no-gradation revocation trigger, as opposed to entering the same general case-by-case review process described above, was located for this article. The Article-19 prohibition itself is unambiguous and absolute regardless of specific duties, but whether detection automatically and always triggers immediate revocation proceedings with no case-by-case evaluation was not confirmed either way.

Working without the permission or with an expired permission

Working without ever having obtained the permission, or after the underlying status of residence and the permission tied to it have lapsed, is treated as unauthorized employment (不法就労, fuhō shūrō) rather than merely an hours-cap violation, and can lead to deportation proceedings under the Immigration Control Act.12

Secondary consequences of revocation

A "5-year re-entry ban" is a real consequence, but it is not the typical or automatic result of a Student-status revocation. Getting this distinction right matters more than any other single fact in this article.

Status-of-residence revocation for non-fraud reasons, which covers the great majority of Student-status revocation grounds described above, triggers a 30-day voluntary departure grace period rather than automatic formal deportation. A person who departs Japan within that window is treated the same as someone who left during their authorized period of stay: no deportation record, and no re-entry ban, and that person may in principle apply for a fresh status of residence and return to Japan later.29

The 5-year landing-refusal period, or 10 years for a repeat case involving a prior deportation or exit order, applies specifically to a person who is formally deported, meaning someone who does not depart within the 30-day grace-period window, or whose case involves fraud-based grounds excluded from that grace-period pathway in the first place.3031

Revocation usually means a 30-day window to leave, not an automatic ban

For most non-fraud Student-status revocations, including attendance and hour-cap grounds, the typical outcome is a 30-day voluntary-departure window with no re-entry ban if you leave in time. The 5-year, or 10-year repeat, ban is the harsher consequence of missing that window, not the default outcome of revocation itself.29

The pathway from revocation to either outcome is summarized below.

No source located for this article described a specific mechanism to appeal a revocation decision itself, beyond the general point that reapplying for a new status, after voluntary departure within the grace period, remains possible once the underlying issue is addressed. Whether a revocation decision can be formally appealed, as distinct from simply reapplying later, was not confirmed either way. A claim sometimes seen elsewhere, that a family sponsor's financial liability comes under scrutiny following a dependent's status revocation, could not be verified for this article and is not repeated here.

School-Imposed Stricter Rules

Why schools set stricter limits

No source located for this article documents a specific school's stated rationale for imposing rules stricter than ISA's legal minimums. The general regulatory pressure on schools, including the monthly attendance-reporting trigger, the twice-yearly attendance report, and the announced quarterly work-status interview requirement, creates a structural incentive for schools to monitor and potentially restrict student work more closely than the bare legal minimum, since a school's own certified status can be put at risk by poor outcomes among its students (as of 2026).14

Typical school rules

Specific claims about schools capping work below the legal 28-hour maximum, requiring a minimum enrollment tenure, or requiring advance employer letters are commonly asserted in gyōseishoshi and relocation-guide commentary. They were not independently documented via any specific named school's own published policy for this article, so treat the general pattern as plausible and consistent with the regulatory-pressure context above, but not backed by a concrete, sourced example here.

One search result did document the inverse dynamic: some schools have marketed themselves around the long-vacation 40-hour/week allowance as a selling point to attract fee-paying students, which several professional and news sources flag as a concern precisely because it pushes students toward the legal maximum rather than restricting them further (as of 2026).

Whether a school-imposed rule stricter than the legal cap is independently enforceable through disciplinary action or expulsion, as opposed to being a matter of the school's general enrollment contract terms, was not specifically confirmed for language schools during this research. Treat this as plausible under ordinary enrollment-agreement principles, but not documented here as a settled rule. Where a school's own policy is stricter than the legal cap, the school's rule applies to students enrolled there regardless of what immigration law otherwise permits, so check your own school's written policy rather than assuming the legal 28-hour figure is the only number that matters.

Good to know

School work-letter requirements can slow applications

Claims that individual schools require a minimum enrollment tenure or demonstrated good standing before supporting a work-authorization application could not be independently sourced to a specific school policy for this article. What is confirmed is that the permission itself, when applied for after arrival rather than at the airport, takes about 2 weeks to 2 months to process at a regional immigration bureau, a real timing cost regardless of any school-specific letter requirement (as of 2026).5

Getting the permission at the airport saves weeks

Applying at the port of entry, when available, lets work begin immediately after arrival because the grant is recorded directly on the residence card at that time. Applying later at a regional immigration bureau instead takes roughly 2 weeks to 2 months for a decision (as of 2026).45

Regional wage variation is significant

Minimum wage alone varies by roughly ¥170/hour between the highest, Tokyo at ¥1,226, and the lowest, Fukuoka at ¥1,057, of the four prefectures checked for this article, before accounting for job-specific and employer-specific variation on top of that floor (as of the 2025-10 and 2025-11 effective dates).15

Reported average pay for the same job category can differ by several hundred yen per hour between regions too. Food-service pay averages roughly ¥1,541/hour in Tokyo versus roughly ¥1,438/hour in Osaka in one aggregator's regional breakdown, meaning the same 28-hour week produces a meaningfully different monthly income depending on where you study (as of 2026-01).

Tax implications for annual income thresholds

A figure commonly repeated in general guides, a ¥1,030,000 annual income tax-exemption line, is outdated. Japan's 2025 tax-year reform raised the general income-tax-free line for an ordinary part-time worker with only wage income to approximately ¥1,600,000 for the 2025 tax year, rising further to approximately ¥1,780,000 from the 2026 tax year onward (as of the 2025–2026 tax-reform figures; confirm current figures with the National Tax Agency).32

A separate, more generous "working student" tax deduction (勤労学生控除, kinrō gakusei kōjo), sometimes cited as raising a student's own tax-free line to roughly ¥1,300,000, does not apply to language-school students. It is legally restricted to students at institutions defined under School Education Act Article 1, meaning elementary through university and technical colleges; vocational schools and Japanese-language schools are explicitly excluded from this specific deduction. A language-school student should use the general non-taxable line above, not the ¥1.3M working-student figure sometimes seen in Japan-tax guides aimed at university students.33

Students who have been in Japan for less than one year are generally classified as non-resident taxpayers for Japanese tax purposes, and non-resident wage income is subject to flat 20.42% withholding regardless of the amount earned, rather than the progressive threshold-based system described above (as of 2026). A tax treaty between Japan and the student's home country may reduce or eliminate this withholding, many treaties, including Japan-US, have a student or trainee article, but only if the required income tax convention application form is filed with the employer and tax office before the first salary payment. Missing that filing means the flat rate applies regardless of treaty eligibility.3435

Multiple employers require transparent hour reporting

Some students work at two or three part-time jobs. ISA's 28-hour limit applies to the combined total across all employers, and a discrepancy between what different employers separately report, or fail to report, can surface if a specific case is reviewed. This research did not confirm a routine, automated mechanism that would catch such a discrepancy outside of a triggered review, so the practical safeguard is reporting hours honestly to every employer rather than relying on any single employer's own records.8

A sustained over-the-limit work pattern is harder to explain away

Practitioner guidance describes a general pattern: a single, corrected, modest violation is treated more leniently than a chronic one. Specific hour figures and a specific multi-month timeline for what counts as "sustained" were not independently sourced for this article, so treat the qualitative point, that correction and consistency matter more than a single bad week, as the reliable takeaway rather than any particular number of weeks or months.108

Individual permissions take longer and require more documents

Individual permission, needed for a paid internship exceeding 28 hours/week, self-employment, or another non-blanket arrangement, requires an activity description plus employer and location details, and generally cannot be filed until the specific work arrangement is finalized. Blanket permission, by contrast, can be obtained in advance of securing any specific job.129

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. 出入国在留管理庁 (Immigration Services Agency, ISA). 「『留学』の在留資格に係る資格外活動許可について」("On Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence for 'Student' Status"). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/procedures/nyuukokukanri07_00003.html 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

  2. 出入国在留管理庁 (ISA). 「資格外活動の許可(入管法第19条)」("Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence, Immigration Control Act Article 19"). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/procedures/shikakugai_00001.html 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

  3. 出入国在留管理庁 (ISA). 「資格外活動許可について」("On Permission to Engage in Activity Other Than That Permitted"). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/procedures/nyuukokukanri07_00045.html

  4. 行政書士法人Tree (Office Tree). 「資格外活動許可とは?留学生・家族滞在のアルバイト制限と申請方法を解説」("What Is Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence? Work Restrictions and Application Procedure for Students and Family-Stay Holders"). https://office-tree.jp/blog/immigration/extra-status-activity-permission/ 2 3 4

  5. 出入国在留管理庁 (ISA). 「資格外活動許可申請」("Application for Permission to Engage in Activity Other Than That Permitted"), procedure page. https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/procedures/16-8.html 2 3 4

  6. BEGIN行政書士事務所 (BEGIN Gyōseishoshi Office). 「【2026年版】資格外活動許可とは?|週28時間ルール・包括許可・個別許可を解説」("What Is Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence? The 28-Hour Rule, Blanket Permission, and Individual Permission Explained, 2026 Edition"). https://begin-office.com/visa-extra-activity 2 3 4 5 6

  7. 行政書士中尾幸樹事務所 (Gyōseishoshi Nakao Kōki Office). 「【資格外活動許可】留学生のアルバイト。28時間ルールと計算方法を解説」("Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence: Student Part-Time Work, the 28-Hour Rule and How to Calculate It"). https://nakao-adsc-visameister.com/28hour-rule/ 2 3 4 5 6

  8. 大阪で外国人雇用に強い行政書士・社労士 (Office Yoshimoto, gyōseishoshi/labor-and-social-security-attorney office). 「資格外活動許可のオーバーワークはどうなる?留学生・家族滞在の28時間超過と不許可時の対応」("What Happens When Someone Overworks Under Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence?"). https://office-yoshimoto.jp/working-visa/blog/archives/1826 2 3 4 5 6

  9. 京都大学国際サポートセンター (Kyoto University International Support Center). 「資格外活動(アルバイト)許可」("Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence [Part-Time Work]"). https://kuiso.oc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/visa/work_permit/ 2

  10. 谷島行政書士法人 (Tajima Gyōseishoshi Corporation). 「就労ビザ変更申請で留学生が自白した資格外活動(アルバイト)週28時間超過」("A Student Confessed to Exceeding the 28-Hour Weekly Work Cap During a Work-Visa Change Application"), case study. https://tlg-visa.law/case/3424/ 2 3

  11. えびす堂行政書士事務所 (Ebisudo Gyōseishoshi Office). 「入管法施行規則19条 資格外活動の許可」("Immigration Control Act Enforcement Regulation Article 19: Permission for Activities Outside Status of Residence"). https://ebisudo-office.com/joubun/nyuukanhoushikoukisoku19/ 2 3 4 5 6

  12. ツナグ行政書士事務所 (Tsunagu Gyōseishoshi Office). 「雀荘開業ガイド│麻雀店開業と風営法4号営業許可を行政書士が超詳しく解説」("Mahjong Parlor Opening Guide: Entertainment Business Control Act Category-4 Licensing Explained"). https://tsunagu-office.net/archives/8566

  13. 出入国在留管理庁 (Immigration Services Agency). 「日本語教育機関の告示基準に基づく各種報告について」("On Various Reports Based on the Notification Standards for Japanese-Language Educational Institutions"). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/resources/nyuukokukanri07_00218.html 2 3

  14. 日本経済新聞 (Nikkei). 「留学生の不正バイト防止、日本語学校に把握義務付け 就労時間や内容」("Preventing Improper Part-Time Work by Students: Japanese-Language Schools Required to Track Work Hours and Content"), published 2026-04-11. https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA081EB0Y6A400C2000000/ 2 3

  15. taxlabor.com. 「【2026年7月29日更新】2025年度 都道府県別最低賃金額と適用日一覧|47都道府県まとめ」("2025 Prefecture-by-Prefecture Minimum Wage Rates and Effective Dates, Updated 2026-07-29"). https://taxlabor.com/minimum-wage-japan/ 2 3 4 5 6

  16. 求人ボックス 給料ナビ (Kyūjin Box Salary Navi, job-posting wage aggregator). 「コンビニの年収・時給」("Convenience Store Annual Salary and Hourly Wage"). https://xn--pckua2a7gp15o89zb.com/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%8B%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%8E%E3%83%BB%E6%99%82%E7%B5%A6 2

  17. 求人ボックス 給料ナビ (Kyūjin Box Salary Navi). 「キッチンスタッフの年収・時給」("Kitchen Staff Annual Salary and Hourly Wage"). https://xn--pckua2a7gp15o89zb.com/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%83%E3%83%95%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%8E%E3%83%BB%E6%99%82%E7%B5%A6 2

  18. 求人ボックス 給料ナビ (Kyūjin Box Salary Navi). 「軽作業の年収・時給」("Light Factory/Warehouse Work Annual Salary and Hourly Wage"). https://xn--pckua2a7gp15o89zb.com/%E8%BB%BD%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%8E%E3%83%BB%E6%99%82%E7%B5%A6 2 3

  19. 求人ボックス 給料ナビ (Kyūjin Box Salary Navi). 「英会話講師の年収・時給」("Eikaiwa Instructor Annual Salary and Hourly Wage"). https://xn--pckua2a7gp15o89zb.com/%E8%8B%B1%E4%BC%9A%E8%A9%B1%E8%AC%9B%E5%B8%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%8E%E3%83%BB%E6%99%82%E7%B5%A6 2

  20. バイトル (Baitoru, job board). 「英語・英会話教師(東京都)のアルバイト・パートの時給・給料」("English/Eikaiwa Teacher (Tokyo) Part-Time Hourly Wage"). https://www.baitoru.com/salary/tokyo/englishteacher/ 2

  21. 日本学生支援機構 (JASSO) via Study in Japan portal. 「生活費・物価」("Cost of Living and Prices"), citing the FY2023 私費外国人留学生生活実態調査 (Private Foreign Student Living Conditions Survey). https://www.studyinjapan.go.jp/ja/life/cost-of-living/ 2 3 4 5

  22. ARC東京日本語学校 (ARC Academy Tokyo Japanese Language School). Tuition and fee schedule ("学費(~2026年1月入学)"). https://arc.ac.jp/Tokyo/admission/schoolexpense/ 2 3 4

  23. ミッドリーム日本語学校 (Midream Japanese Language School). Tuition and fee schedule ("学費(2026)"). https://midream.ac.jp/expenses2026/ 2 3 4

  24. ISI日本語学校 (ISI Japanese Language School). Fee schedule ("価格一覧"). https://www.isi-education.com/ja/application/fee/ 2 3 4

  25. 国税庁 (National Tax Agency, NTA). 「在留外国人に関する出入国在留管理庁と国税庁との間の情報連携に関する確認書」("Confirmation Document on Information Coordination Between the Immigration Services Agency and the National Tax Agency Regarding Foreign Residents"). https://www.nta.go.jp/law/joho-zeikaishaku/sonota/fushhocho/01_30.htm 2

  26. キャリア・フォース (Career Force, foreign-staffing agency). 「入管と国税庁が情報連携開始『在留審査がさらに厳格化へ』」("Immigration and the National Tax Agency Begin Information Coordination: Residence Screening Set to Tighten Further"), published 2026-07-15. https://www.career-force.co.jp/news-cf/20260715/8/ 2

  27. 出入国在留管理庁 (ISA). 「令和7年の『在留資格取消件数』について」("On the Number of Status-of-Residence Revocations in Reiwa 7 [FY2025]"), press release. https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/11_00085.html 2

  28. 出入国在留管理庁 (ISA). 「在留資格の取消し(入管法第22条の4)」("Revocation of Status of Residence, Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act Article 22-4"). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/procedures/torikeshi_00002.html

  29. 行政書士法人Tree (Office Tree, gyōseishoshi corporation). 「在留資格の取消し制度とは?取消事由・手続きの流れ・対策を解説」("What Is the Status-of-Residence Revocation System? Grounds, Procedure, and Countermeasures"). https://office-tree.jp/blog/immigration/residence-status-revocation/ 2

  30. 出入国在留管理庁 (ISA). 「入国・帰国手続<上陸拒否事由(入管法第5条)>」("Entry and Return Procedures: Grounds for Landing Refusal, Immigration Control Act Article 5"). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/immigration/procedures/kyohi_00001.html

  31. 出入国在留管理庁 (ISA). 「退去強制手続・出国命令制度・上陸拒否期間の短縮決定Q&A」("Deportation Procedure, Departure-Order System, and Shortened Landing-Refusal-Period Determinations Q&A"). https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/deportation/guide/tetuduki_taikyo_qa.html

  32. taxlabor.com. 「【2026年最新】年収の壁103万円・106万円・130万円・160万円・178万円徹底解説」("The 2026 Guide to Japan's Income 'Walls': ¥1.03M, ¥1.06M, ¥1.3M, ¥1.6M, ¥1.78M Explained"). https://taxlabor.com/nenshu-kabe-2025-2026-kanzen-guide/

  33. 株式会社ノーザンライツ (N-Lights Inc.). 「外国人留学生アルバイトにかかる所得税の仕組みとは?免税される条件を解説!」("How Income Tax Works for Foreign Student Part-Time Workers: Exemption Conditions Explained"). https://www.n-lights.com/nlplus/international-incometax-taxfree/

  34. 国税庁 (National Tax Agency). 「学生のアルバイト代」("Students' Part-Time Wages"), tax-law FAQ. https://www.nta.go.jp/law/shitsugi/gensen/06/62.htm

  35. Guidable Jobs. 「外国人の源泉徴収【2025年版】居住者・非居住者の判定方法と税率早見表」("Withholding Tax for Foreign Nationals, 2025 Edition: How Resident/Non-Resident Status Is Determined"). https://guidablejobs.jp/contents/law/5824/